Health psychology theories and models

Oct 10, 1998 theories are integral to healthcare practice, promotion, and research. It distilled concepts from an established body of psychological and behavioral research and set the stage for the theories that followed. The evidence for interventions that are informed by these theories. Health psychology, also called medical psychology or behavioral medicine, is a branch of psychology focusing on how biological, social, and psychological factors impact health and wellbeing. Psychological models can be used to understand and predict behaviour in a wide range of settings. Articles published in 2003 in the american journal of health education, the american journal of health behavior, health. Aug 26, 2016 health psychology is an expanding area in terms of teaching, research and practice. The choice of theory, although often unacknowledged, shapes the way practitioners and researchers collect and interpret evidence. Full text models and theories of health behavior and clinical.

It enables the reader to engage with a full range of approaches and methods in the field, and importantly to be able to appreciate the relationships between these. Models and theories to support health behavior intervention. The two models i have chosen to look at are the health belief model hbm and the theory of planned behaviour tpb which, i think, represent not only the most straightforward and consistent theoretical frameworks of health psychology but also feature highly in any formation of policy and governmental decision making. Psychiatric and mental health nursing nursing theory. Describe how the definitions of mental illness have developed. Five broad models of mental illness a summary of major approaches taken to understand psychopathology. Vicki simpson phd, rn, ches, purdue school of nursing. Health psychology is concerned with the psychology of a range of healthrelated behaviors, including nutrition, exercise, healthcare. Theoretical models of health psychology and the model for. These theories make explicit factors that influence behaviour change, such as health beliefs, past behaviour, intention, social influences, perceived control and the context of the behaviour.

Choose bath for one of the only bpsaccredited courses to offer a 16week placement as an integral part of its masters. Psychodynamic, social, cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, and biological influences patricia hart oregan chapter contents mental illness theories and mental illness expected learning outcomes after completing this chapter, the student will be able to. Difference between models and theories difference between. Health psychology teaching occurs at both the undergraduate and postgraduate level and is experienced by both mainstream psychology students and those studying other health related subjects.

Behaviour change theories and related research evidence highlight the complexity of making and sticking to health related behaviour changes. What follows is a description of the central elements of four of the most widelyused theoretical models of health behavior. Health psychology, often referred to as behavioral medicine or medical psychology, is the application of psychological theory to healthrelated practices. It was originally developed in the 1950s, and updated in the 1980s. Start studying health psychology models of health behavior change. Theories range from explicit hypotheses to working models and frameworks of thinking about reality. Different psychological theories behavioral theories. Different theories of psychology govern how different psychologists approach research into human behavior.

Oct 08, 2018 health psychology encompasses a wide range of issues from chronic pain to terminal illness with the goals of helping people improve their quality of life and addressing specific health issues. I have already added one more theory to the list, so now its 21 key theories. Essay on health behaviour psychology free pyschology. Pdf psychological models in rehabilitation psychology. Psychiatric and mental health nursing deals with the care of patients who have emotional and mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, addiction, and mood disorders. Trait theories of personality imply personality is biologically based, whereas state theories such as banduras 1977 social learning theory emphasize the role of nurture and environmental influence. The study of health psychology is relevant to nurses working in diabetes care. Theories may assist in the design of behaviour change interventions in various ways, by promoting an understanding of health behaviour, directing research and facilitating the transferability of an intervention from one health issue, geographical area or healthcare setting to another. Suttona a university of cambridge uk available online 2002. Health psychology addresses individual and populationlevel issues across four domains.

Models of the interaction of psychosocial and physical factors. Social and behavioral theories the office of behavioral. Theories, models, and science in community psychology by. Mar 19, 2006 in behavioral medicine, professionals base their interventions on a few models that attempt to explain peoples healthrelated behavior. Theories, models and perspectives cheat sheet for field. Health psychology attempts to move away from a simple linear model of health and looks at the combination of factors involved in illness biological e. This entry describes the model, defines the various components within the model, and summarizes how the hbm has been used to predict and explain health behaviors. Health promotion utilises theories and models to guide practice.

These models are termed continuum theories, for they aim to recognize variables that influence peoples behavior, and using the sum of variables, how likely the person will engage in a particular behavior weinstein. Some of the major humanist theorists included carl rogers and abraham maslow. The field of health psychology includes two subfields. A working knowledge of some models and theories enables development of practice and research skills. These models are termed continuum theories, for they aim to. Theories and models are used in program planning to understand and explain health behavior and to guide the identification, development, and implementation of interventions. This chapter will seek to bridge the theory practice gap using a range of examples enabling the practitioner to link theoretical models to practice. Models of health behaviour have been developed to understand how people make decisions about their health and predict the likelihood that health behaviour change will occur. Nutrition education in the community is a public health nutrition course in the food, nutrition and health fnh program at the university of british columbia ubc.

Psychology the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes attempts to uncover why and how we do what we do. Hence, it is difficult to establish whether a given theory is logically consistent and to compare different theories. Health psychology is the application of psychological theory and research to health. Audiology can benefit from the theoretical developments witnessed within health psychology over the past four decades. Nola pender developed the health promotion model hpm that is used universally for research, education, and practice. Health psychology is concerned with the psychology of a range of healthrelated behaviors, including nutrition, exercise, healthcare utilization, and medical. The health promotion model focuses on helping people achieve higher. Health psychology takes a more holistic view of health and medicine than traditional medicine. This chapter will seek to bridge the theorypractice gap using a range of examples enabling the practitioner to link theoretical models to practice. If there is one theory you havent heard about, check it out and broaden your general psychology knowledge. The general model here from freud to rogers to skinner to beck is that the individual develops along a trajectory and attempts to adapt to their environment. The health belief model, grounded in john atkinsons expectancyvalue theory of achievement motivation, proposes that people are rational decision makers who, during decision making, take into consideration advantages and disadvantages associated with physical activity.

The theory also posits that motivation is unidimensional and that the construct of intentions, which represents. A pragmatic basis for judging models and theories in health psychology. The importance of theories in health care pubmed central pmc. Today, the hbm is one of the most widely used social cognition models in health psychology. Cognitive theories of psychology are focused on internal states. Analyticaldevelopmental freud, jung, erickson, kohlberg behavioral watson, skinner, pavlov cognitive tolman, piaget, chomsky social bandura, lewin, festinger humanistic rogers and maslow personality ericksons psychosocial development theory. Similarly, health psychologists can test theories and models in a. Learn about models and theories used to understand health behavior, which can be used to develop health promotion strategies. The third edition of this bestselling textbook health psychology, has been thoroughly updated and revised to make it even more essential for course teaching. In behavioral medicine, professionals base their interventions on a few models that attempt to explain peoples healthrelated behavior. The protection motivation theory pmt developed by rogers 19751985 cited in ogden, 2012 pg 50, expands on the health belief model.

The application and translation of such theories and models is undoubtedly a positive step forward and arguably will serve to benefit both disciplines. Key concepts in health psychology sage publications ltd. Humanistic psychology theories began to grow in popularity during the 1950s. Health psychology is an expanding area in terms of teaching, research and practice. Applying theory and models of health behaviour to environmental actions. Mental health theories strive to explain human development behaviorally, psychologically, and socially. Health behavior theory and cumulative knowledge regarding. Applying theories of health behaviour and change to hearing.

These theories can be divided into two main groups which are commonly referred to as social cognition models and stage models. Theories and models in communicating health messages. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. It is a coherent group of propositions formulated to explain a group of facts or phenomena in the natural world and repeatedly confirmed through experiment or observation, n. Students may encounter countless models and theories of famous scientists who once aimed to explain the different phenom. Human beings are complex systems and illness can be caused by a multitude of factors, not just a single factor such as a virus or bacterium. In the sciences, a theory is more than a simple guess. Applying theories of health behaviour and change to. Each of the following grand theories provides an overarching framework within which most psychological research is conducted. Yet psychological theories and models often seem of limited value when applied to public health problems, and some.

Behavioral health focuses on prevention of health problems and illnesses, while behavioral medicine focuses on treatment. Payne 1997 argues that social work theory succeeds best when it contains all three elements of perspective, theory and model. For many years, researchers focused on alleviating pain or suffering. Finally, ways in which the hbm has been used to help design health interventions are discussed. If you miss a theory, please leave a comment and explain why you think it should be on the list. A theory is the general principles of a framework of ideas in regards to a particular topic. Social action theory for a public health psychology. However, they have not been consistently applied to health professional behaviours, and the contribution of differing theories is not clear. Psychological and psychophysiological concepts in health psychology. The biopsychosocial model views health and illness as the product of. It is concerned with understanding how psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness.

Health psychology encompasses a wide range of issues from chronic pain to terminal illness with the goals of helping people improve their quality of life and addressing specific health issues. There was no assumption that a person could strengthen their wellbeing. A pragmatic basis for judging models and theories in health. Nurses care for individuals, families, groups, and communities through counseling, education, and, in some cases, medication to promote mental and emotional health.

For the most part, these theoretical formulations have been divided into three main movements in the mental health field. The cognitive perspective includes theories such as the health belief model hbm, socialcognitive theory sct, the theories of reasoned action tra and planned behaviour tpb and the protection motivation theory pmt. This article outlines five wellestablished theories of behaviour change. Introduction to health psychology boundless psychology. These models are termed continuum theories, for they aim to recognize variables that influence peoples behavior, and. Theories, models and perspectives cheat sheet for field instructors. Other terms including medical psychology and behavioral medicine are sometimes used interchangeably with the term health psychology. Scientific studies and discoveries come about after a wellthoughtout hypothesis and thoroughly conducted experiments that produce models and theories.

Clinical psychology has developed many theories attempting to explain behavior aberration as a function of psychological interactions or reactions to stressful events. The stages of change model in a health psychotherapy context, adapted from. Health psychology encompasses a wide range of issues from chronic pain to terminal illness with the goals of helping people improve their quality of. Health psychology models of health behavior change. The model is based on the theory that a persons willingness to change their health behaviors is primarily due to the following factors. Five broad models of mental illness psychology today. Behavioral change models introduction public health is a multidisciplinary field that aims to 1 prevent disease and death, 2 promote a better quality of life, and 3 create environmental conditions in which people can be healthy by intervening at the institutional, community, and societal level. Social psychological theories and models are often adopted to identify and understand. Social and behavioral theories office of behavioral and. Dozens of theories and models have been used, but only a few of them were used in multiple publications and by several authors. Health psychology theories, perspectives, and models. Rehabilitation psychology depends upon a broad theoretical base incorporating frameworks, theories, models, and methodologies from many different areas of psychology, as well as from other. Although research on health behavior theory hbt is being conducted at a rapid pace, the extent to which the field is truly moving forward in unders.

Sigmund freuds psychodynamic theory of personality assumes there is an interaction between nature innate instincts and nurture parental. Health psychology is a specialty area that focuses on how biology, psychology, behavior, and social factors influence health and illness. The health belief model hbm is a tool that scientists use to try and predict health behaviors. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems, humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings.

Developing health promotion programs that support healthy lifestyle behaviors requires comprehensive planning. Applying psychological theories to evidencebased clinical. Clinical health psychology refers to the application of scientific knowledge to clinical questions that arise across the spectrum of healthcare. Start studying health psychology theories, perspectives, and models. Youll be based in an academic, public health or health related setting and will work on a piece of empirical research, using your knowledge of health psychology theories, models and approaches to tackle a particular issue in your placement setting. Health promotion and disease prevention theories and models.

Three myths of behavior change what you think you know that you dont. Psychology and its subfield of health psychology suffer from a lack of standardized terminology and a unified theoretical framework for the prediction and explanation of health behaviour. The approach centered on what was wrong with a person and how to fix it. Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare. By assisting the sick to regain at least a part of their psychological health, health psychologist assists in improving the quality of life of their patients.